近年來中國出現的「心理熱」,是經濟增長的結果,還是有政府干預與市場化力量的相互作用在其中?近百年來,心理治療鑲嵌於政治、社會與經濟狀況之中,經歷了怎樣的變化?本系教授黃宣穎對心理治療在中國的發展歷史進行回顧,考察促進「心理熱」出現的政策因素,並指出私人培訓課程在其中扮演的重要角色。
Since the early 2000s, psychological ideas,practices and institutions have flourished in China. This “psycho-boom” (心理熱) is often understood as a result of China’s economic progress and a remedy for the ailments, among which are surging rates of mental diseases, caused by the drastic changes. Dr. Huang Hsuan-Ying, instead, investigates this phenomenon by focusing on the policy context and examining a number of initiatives endorsed or orchestrated by the state, which, he argues,have greatly contributed to the emergence of the psycho-boom.
These projects include a training and certification programme of “psychological counsellor” (心理諮詢師), administered by the Ministry of Labour and Social Securities. Commercial agencies became the major suppliers of this kind of training, which is promoted as having rosy prospects and can be completed in a relatively short time. Dr. Huang argues that a privately-owned and market-driven sector has taken centre stage, and it is the consumption of the training programmes provided by these agencies (rather than access to psychotherapy services) by the urban middle class that truly characterizes the psycho-boom. Popular media also plays a key role in fueling the enthusiasm. For example, Psychological Interviews (心理訪談), a programme launched by China Central Television, featured therapy sessions and became an immediate success. Dr. Huang points out that the psycho-boom caught the state’s attention as it developed, a sign of which is the state’s inclusion of “psychological aid” (心理救援) and “psychological crisis” (心理危機干預) as a crucial component of the relief programme in the aftermath of the Wenchuan earthquake happened in May 2008.
To better understand the current psycho-boom, Dr. Huangalso conducts a historical overview of the development of psychotherapy in China, as he delineates the tortuous trajectory embedded in the shifting political, social, and economic circumstances of the country in the past century: the provisional reception in the Republican period, the transmutation and destructionin the Maoist period, the relatively slow recovery and progress in the earlier reform period, and the eruption of the psycho-boomin the new millennium. In conclusion, Dr. Huang argues that the development of psychotherapy involves a dual process, as it is both the building of a new profession of experts, and a popular movement concerning the infiltration of related ideas and practices into the broader society, which is especially evident in the recent psycho-boom.Talking about the future, Dr. Huang suggests that the pscho-boom may develop into a profession of private practitioners of psychotherapy, as wished by many of its leading figures.
Huang, Hsuan-Ying. 2015. “From Psychotherapy to Psycho-boom: A Historical Overview of Psychotherapy in China.” Psychoanalysis andPsychotherapy in China, 1: 1-30. http://internationalpsychoanalysis.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/mahistoricaloverviewofpsychotherapyinChina.pdf
人類學
人類學是研究人及其文化的學科。人類在不同環境中創造出不同的社會、政治、經濟制度和宗教體系。人類學家通過比較研究,找出這些文化制度之間的異同,從而探求人類生存的本質。人類學尤其重視發掘當地人的觀念,並強調與研究對象的互動,通過參與式觀察與深度訪談等田野考察方法,了解人們在其社會生活中的行為和想法。
香港中文大學人類學系
香港中文大學人類學系成立於一九八零年,現已發展為一個國際認可的社會文化教研中心。香港中文大學是香港唯一開設人類學系的專上院校。
人類學授課式碩士課程
人類學授課式碩士課程(MA in Anthropology)為不具備人類學背景而希望接受人類學系統訓練的人士而設,教授社會及文化人類學的基本理論和研究方法。本課程提供以人類學不同研究範疇為主題的多種科目,旨在培養學生以批判、全面及富洞察力的思維分析當代社會、文化及政治議題,體會人類文化的多樣性,加深對社會運作機制的認識。請點擊「閱讀原文」瞭解申請詳情。